![]() ![]() By means of a few musical illustrations and by using a computational model inspired by neuro-physiological principles, we suggest that this relies on a detailed (if perhaps implicit) knowledge of the rules of ASA and of its inherent ambiguity. Interestingly, musicians will not always aim at making each physical source intelligible, but rather express one or more melodic lines with a small or large number of instruments. After reviewing some of those studies, we turn to music, which arguably provides some of the most complex acoustic scenes that a human listener will ever encounter. Recently, the neural mechanisms implicated in the transformation of ambiguous sensory information into coherent auditory scenes have been investigated using so-called bistability illusions (where an unchanging ambiguous stimulus evokes a succession of distinct percepts in the mind of the listener). However, the acoustical problem is ill-posed and it must be solved from noisy sensory input. In general, ASA uncovers the most likely physical causes that account for the waveform collected at the ears. The pivotal issue is auditory scene analysis (ASA), or what enables us to make sense of complex acoustic mixtures in order to follow, for instance, a single melody in the midst of an orchestra. In this review paper aimed at the non-specialist, we explore the use that neuroscientists and musicians have made of perceptual illusions based on ambiguity. 4 Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.3 Fondation Pierre-Gilles de Gennes pour la Recherche, Paris, France.2 Département D’études Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France.1 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paris Descartes, UMR 8158, Paris, France. ![]() Daniel Pressnitzer 1,2* Clara Suied 1,2,3 Shihab A. ![]()
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